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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a back door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or similar hack exists, it becomes a target, a prize for the poor guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no back door, and that's as it should be. It will mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disk that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each of the files you put into it's completely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, some products store your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each of those products to have a feel for the different options.

Once you copy a document into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products prevent this problem by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to offer safe deletion as an option. If best site you choose a product that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves check here nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the products accumulated here service AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption expert, you may prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is private, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make an electronic signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it is all the evidence you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.